In the packaging industry, ensuring the proper torque of caps, lids, and closures is critical for product integrity, safety,

 and consumer satisfaction. ASTM D3474 is a standard practice developed by ASTM International that provides guidelines 

for the calibration and use of torque meters in packaging applications. This standard helps manufacturers maintain 

consistency in torque measurements, ensuring that containers are sealed correctly without being under- or over-tightened.

Scope and Purpose of ASTM D3474

ASTM D3474 establishes procedures for:

Calibrating torque meters to ensure accurate measurements.

Proper usage techniques to minimize errors during torque testing.

Verifying torque measurement systems used in quality control and production environments.

This standard applies to handheld and automated torque meters used for testing threaded and lug closures on bottles, 

jars, and other packaging containers.

Importance of Torque Measurement in Packaging

Testing instrument：PNY-20 Torque tester

Key Components of ASTM D3474

1. Torque Meter Calibration

To ensure accuracy, torque meters must be calibrated regularly. ASTM D3474 outlines:

Calibration Frequency: Based on usage and manufacturer recommendations.

Traceable Standards: Calibration should reference NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) or equivalent 

standards.

Verification Methods: Using certified torque testers or deadweight systems.

2. Proper Use of Torque Meters

The standard provides best practices for torque testing, including:

Correct Handling: Avoiding side loads or misalignment that can affect readings.

Test Speed: Applying torque at a consistent speed (typically 5-15 RPM).

Environmental Factors: Accounting for temperature and humidity effects.

3. Torque Testing Procedures

ASTM D3474 describes two primary torque measurement methods:

Breakaway Torque: The force required to initially loosen a closure.

Application Torque: The force applied when tightening a closure.

Both measurements help determine whether a closure meets specified torque requirements.

Applications in the Packaging Industry

ASTM D3474 is widely used in:

Beverage & Food Packaging: Ensuring bottle caps are secure but not over-tightened.

Pharmaceuticals: Maintaining tamper-evident seals.

Cosmetics & Chemicals: Preventing leaks and preserving product quality.

Conclusion

ASTM D3474 is an essential standard for ensuring accurate and consistent torque measurements in packaging applications.

 By following its guidelines for calibration, usage, and testing, manufacturers can enhance product reliability, comply with

 industry regulations, and improve consumer satisfaction.