Introduction

ASTM International develops and publishes technical standards for a wide range of materials, products, and systems. One such 

standard, ASTM D3198, is a critical test method used to evaluate the application and removal torque of threaded or lug-style

 closures on containers. This standard is particularly important in industries such as packaging, pharmaceuticals, food and

 beverage, and cosmetics, where secure and consistent closure performance is essential.

ASTM D3198 provides a standardized procedure for measuring the torque required to apply and remove threaded or lug-style

 closures from containers. The test helps manufacturers ensure that closures function correctly—providing an adequate seal 

while remaining easy enough to open for consumers.

Determining the application torque needed to secure a closure properly.

Measuring the removal torque required to open the container.

Evaluating the consistency of closure performance across production batches.

Ensuring compliance with industry and regulatory requirements.

Test Procedure

testing instrument:PNY-20 Torque tester

The ASTM D3198 test involves the following steps:

Sample Preparation–Select a representative number of containers with closures. The containers should be filled to a specified 

level (if applicable) to simulate real-world conditions.

Application Torque Measurement–Using a torque tester, apply the closure to the container at a specified speed and record the 

maximum torque required to secure it.

Conditioning (Optional)–Some tests may include environmental conditioning (e.g., temperature or humidity exposure) to 

assess performance under different storage conditions.

Removal Torque Measurement–After a specified period, measure the torque needed to remove the closure.

Data Analysis–Compare the results against predefined acceptance criteria to ensure consistency and functionality.

Significance in Industry

ASTM D3198 is widely used in quality control and research & development for:

Packaging Manufacturers–Ensuring closures meet performance standards.

Consumer Goods Companies–Preventing leaks while maintaining user-friendly opening forces.

Regulatory Compliance–Meeting safety and usability standards in pharmaceuticals and food packaging.

Conclusion

ASTM D3198 plays a vital role in maintaining the reliability and usability of threaded and lug-style closures. By standardizing

torque measurement, manufacturers can optimize packaging performance, enhance consumer satisfaction, and reduce

product failure risks. Companies that adhere to this standard demonstrate a commitment to quality and safety in their packaging solutions.